Both exports and imports have dropped considerably below the level prior to the invasion. Seasonally adjusted values show that Russia’s share in extra-EU imports fell from 9.6% in February 2022 to 1.7% in June 2023, while the share of extra-EU exports fell from 3.8 % to 1.4% in the same period.

​Source dataset: ext_st_eu27_2020sitc

In March 2022, the month following the invasion, the EU experienced a peak trade deficit with Russia caused by high prices of energy products. The deficit amounted to €18.5 billion. This deficit was brought down to €0.4bn by June 2023, remaining under one billion four months in a row in 2023 (€0.1 in March, €0.8 in April and €0.4 in May). The change was heavily influenced by the €18.6bn drop in the monthly value of imports from Russia between March 2022 (€21.9bn) and June 2023 (€3.3bn). At the same time, the value of exports decreased from €3.4bn in March 2022 to €2.9bn in June 2023.

EU-Russia trade deficit in energy sees a substantial decline

Looking at the quarterly data, in the second quarter of 2023, the EU-Russia trade balance for goods registered a deficit of €1.6bn, indicating a great improvement from the €45bn deficit observed in the second quarter of 2022. This substantial deficit decrease can be largely attributed to the decline in energy imports from Russia. The trade deficit in energy has been reduced from €40.4bn in the second quarter of 2022 to €5.7bn in the second quarter of 2023.

​Source dataset: ext_st_eu27_2020sitc

Over the past two years, the EU’s reliance on energy imports from Russia has seen a noticeable decline. Specifically, shares of fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and petroleum oil imported from Russia have substantially decreased. Comparing the second quarter of 2021 with the second quarter of 2023, petroleum dropped 27 percentage points (pp) (from 29.2% in 2021 to 2.3% in 2023), natural gas 26 pp (from 38.5% to 12.9%), and coal 45 pp (from 45.0% to 0%).

More information

• Statistics Explained article on EU trade with Russia — latest developments
• Thematic section on international trade in goods
• Database on international trade in goods

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